Concluding Chapter :

Chapter End

      In my introduction I stated that photojournalism is a story through a photo. Through out this semester I learned about different photojournalists and their  challenges through life. Regardless of life's challenges they became who they are today, and that is truly inspirational. It's important to know photojournalism's history because we should know the struggles and challenges they had to face in order to publish a story so that our mom's and dad's or grandparents could read about it in the paper.

As far as an "ah ha" moment I really didn't have one. I learned a lot of different techniques and ways to define photo's but nothing that really stood out to me.

Do photographs change the world?

Yes they certainly do, their has been many photographs this semester that really brought emotion and meaning. The photograph of the father holding his dead son in Vietnam by  Faas, to the famous photograph  by Franklin of FDNY's firefighters raising the American Flag during 9/11.

my photo

photo by Michael Bartolo

Last week my grandmother was taken by ambulance to the hospital, I took this photo because it saddened me to see her that way, but then this week I wanted to use this photo because I couldn't make it any events to take photos and I knew that this photo meant a lot. To me it evokes such great emotions and I added a filter to make it darker and it just added a certain touch to my photo.

Imagine having to develop film or run to your editor to submit photo's. 

and now you can submit a photo via bluetooth, or email straight from your camera, or even saved to an SD card

I never really thought of the problems they could've faced when being on assignment. I also didn't realize the dangers they put themselves through in order to get those images to us.

This photo is of Lynsey Addario, taken in Libya risking her life to capture photo's of the ongoing war in 2011

photo by John Moore

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140516-journalists-conflict-photographers-world/

After viewing the images from various artists this semester my inspiration came while waiting in the Emergency room pod at Mercy with my grandmother, I then toyed around with the photo effects and created the darkened image which brings sadness to an already sad photo.

Things I learned:

James mentioned that "James Nachtwey, taught himself how to be a photojournalist and the art of photography." I found it interesting that such a famous photographer actually taught himself and didn't go to school to become one.

 

photo by James Nachtwey

https://benaeritter.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/james-nachtweysudan2.jpg

Another photojournalist I feel i have to mention is Dith Pran, Devonte wrote that Dith Pran once said  "Part of my life is saving life.” that to me is such a strong and powerful quote.

photo by Dith Pran

http://evolvingnewsroom.nz/ny-times-tribute-to-dith-pran/

Brian mentioned another photojournalists who caught my eye Kevin Carter. Brian mentioned that Carter wanted to "expose a raw world" and indeed he did with one of his photo's that not only startled me but made me think of the danger's out there that we as American citizens are kept safe from

photo by Kevin Carter

http://blog.ocad.ca/wordpress/gdes1b19-fw2011-08/2012/01/kevin-carter-exposing-a-raw-world/

All those images I posted from different photojournalists really changed the way I tought, I never pictured photojournalists getting into such danger or the ethical dilemmas they faced. The picture above with the man on fire, as a nursing student I would've ran to help the man. If he still is alive he probably has major burns throughout his body. I really learned a lot from these artists and when I take photo's in the future I will certainly  be thinking of how to take them in a photojournalistic way.

Photo Journalist Profile

Horst Faas

If the sound doesn't play it is  Satisfied mind by Johnny Cash

What motivates photojournalists

What motivates photojournalists

My motivational map:

Photojournalist's and their motivations:

          Lynsey Addario

http://borgenproject.org/women-photojournalism-lynsey-addario/

Darfur by Lynsey Addario

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/photos-lynsey-addarios-life-as-a-witness-to-war/

          According to Zoë Dean "The motivation that drives Addario’s work is the importance of telling these stories of suffering to the American public, as well as the daily life that continues against the backdrop of conflict."

As a nursing student I strive to make my patients as comfortable as possible and I treat them with the utmost respect. After all that could be your relative in that bed. We both seem to want to make a difference in the lives of others. Addario wants to show the importance of the stories and the suffering to the American public.

Addario stated that "going into a situation, getting to know the subject, making them feel comfortable, getting intimate access, getting access to all different aspects of people’s lives so that I am essentially telling an entire story and not just a single image.”

Dith Pran

      Dith pran was a Cambodian photojournalist who eventually joined the New York Times. According to Elizabeth Becker he is "motivated by courage, loyalty and love rather than a newspaper reporter's deadline or sense of righteous indignation." In a way myself and Dith are similar because he is loyal, and isn't doing the job for money or being a reporter but rather courage, and love. I am a nursing student and going to become a nurse. I'm not doing this for the money, yes I will make a good amount of money and I'm very happy with that but what makes me happy is being able to help someone, and change their lives. I love when I get someone to smile or open up to me.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/04/01/ST2008040100008.html

photo by Dith Pran

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/03/31/nyregion/20080331_DITH_3.html

Alfred Eisenstaedt

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181526/Alfred-Eisenstaedt

photo by Alfred Eisenstaedt

http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/vet-who-says-he-was-kissing-sailor-famous-photo-dies-n52876

According to Lacayo "he was more than a friend to his subjects. He was a fan, as well"
He was motivated by what he saw, according to Louise Mooney Collin "he saw that happiness was every bit the worthy subject that sadness might have been to another photographer." Eisenstaedt and I both share happiness as a  motivation. It helps me thrive in my career and schooling. All of these photojournalists I noticed did not mention money as a motivation as I did. Now I didn't mean to write money in a bad way. Money is how you get ahead these day's. Money buys what you need, but money does not buy happiness and love, those are achieved, I just believe you need money to survive and nursing will give me that but nursing also will give me my happiness, success and the ability to make a difference in someone's life.

Photojournalism and Bias

Photojournalism and Bias

photo by Ed Clark

http://www.thegreatleapsideways.com/?p=209 

Subjects expression: The subject of this photo appears to be saddened and teary eyed while the remaining subjects in the photo seem saddened but not as much he is.

obvious main subject: The main subject takes up most of the left side of the image,  the right side of the image is a group of women that appear to be grieving as well. The subject appears to be on theouter portion of the photo.

what feelings does the image create: This image creates sorrow, just looking at this image made me feel for the subject, and how he felt at that moment.

      In this image I see a black man in a naval uniform tearfully playing the accordion, and appears to be looking at something. Their are also a group of women gathered near him, which also appear to be grieving for some reason. This image mad me sad and I felt sorry for the subject because he seemed to be distraught. Professor Nordell said "yellow journalism, brought in big photographs and big articles to sell more papers" I believe this happens all the time especially with magazines such as Peoples or The National Enquirer. They wanna show a story that will sell money. How many people would have bought this magazine with that photo posted on the cover? It would've sparked a lot of curiosity.

TRUTH:

photo by John Kolesidis

http://blogs.reuters.com/gbu/2011/06/30/splendid-photojournalism/

keep it simple: The image just has the police officer and rioter as the main subjects, the background is almost blurred out and you're unable to really focus on anything else but the 2 subjects.

use of shadows: The image shows glare on the police officers face shield so you are unable to identity who the officer is, clever if you don't want to reveal the identity of the police officer, but wouldn't that be the point?

texture: This image just creates a very scary feeling, when you look at it over and over again. The image has blood pooling from the victims face and the officers arms, the blood is bright red and shines against the subjects body in the photograph.

       I feel as if the police have gotten a bad rap lately with the news broadcasting several police shootings and beatings. I believe this is the truth because its happened police brutality is out there especially at riots. This specific riot occurred in Athens during the Greece economic crisis in 2011. Some police have abused their powers and many cases have risen in police brutality, so I know that this can not be a doctored image. I also found the quote by Vanya which said "Technique is integral to image-making (obviously), but it should service the story first and foremost; the type of image being produced should never dictate the story." After reading that quote I took another look at this image and thought did image really do what the photographer wanted it to show or is it just making the police  look bad? What did that man do in order to be apprehended like that. Then i cam across another quote of Vanya that said: "A technically proficient image may trick the viewer into thinking he or she is seeing something of substance, of what is commonly referred to as truthful."

NOT THE TRUTH:

photo by unknown

http://lightbox.time.com/2011/06/13/doctored-photos-the-art-of-the-altered-image/#11

abstraction: this photo is a doctored image of Oprah in the body of a famous actress. She is seen as this thin and beautiful woman sitting on a pile of fortune,when in fact that body does not belong to her.

exposure time: A slower exposure might have been used so that the diamonds and sparkles on Oprah's dress would shine in the photograph. Even her eyes are bright and shiny.

quality of light: The amount of light on this image makes Oprah seem remarkable, she is glowing while sitting on top of that pile of money.

      I chose to write about this image because of what I mentioned above about the magazines and how they thrive to catch a story that will sell. Professor Nordell said " what might be the real truth of the situation" I don't believe that image is the truth because to me it looks very altered. In fact after doing some research I found out that this image in fact had been doctored with Oprah's' head. The original image is of a actress, Oprah's' head was doctored into it. Professor Nordell said "that they began to discover that  photo's of non criminals would be of legitate news interest"

The Ethics of Photojournalism

The Ethics of Photojournalism

my personal ethics map

I chose an image I found while browsing the websites given to us in the assignment. I found this image and the story behind it so unethical that I wanted to share it with the reader's.

photo by : Brian Walski

http://www.fourandsix.com/photo-tampering-history/tag/media?currentPage=2

       Brian submitted this photo of a British Soldier in Basra to the Los Angeles Times where it appeared on the front cover. The British soldier was a digital composite placed into the photo with the Iraqi civilians.
        This image was posted after the U.S invaded Iraq. According to FourandSix.com "Brian a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times and a 30-year veteran of the news business, was fired after his editors discovered that he had combined two of his photographs to “improve” the composition."

       Personally doing something such as what Brian did for personal gain is morally wrong. It goes against my personal ethics which included integrity, respect, and caring. You are a respected 30 year veteran in your field and you go a head and create a false "story" The soldier wasn't their gesturing to the civilian's he was edited into that picture to make a great story. It did make it on the front cover of the LA Times, but from dishonesty. 
     This goes against my personal ethics of integrity. When someone thinks more about the $ sign and not about the people they could offend their careless. I could never imagine myself doing something like this to make some money. It shows a soldier in the photo's who seems to be caring, he gestures to the citizens maybe to stop and be careful, or to be safe. Who know's, but we now know that, that never happened. He never was caring or being helpful the image was doctored. 

Women Photojournalist

Eman Mohammed

photo by Karen Eng

http://blog.ted.com/eman-mohammed/

Eman is a 25-year-old Palestinian female photojournalist, mother and wife in the Gaza Strip. In the article Katie Wood mentioned, “At the age of 19, Mohammed worked multiple jobs to save enough money to buy her own photography equipment while studying journalism at a local university. But when she landed a job as a staff photographer her colleagues were not exactly welcoming. “I was harassed,threatened and abused by my colleagues, now I’m more independent in my workstyle and don’t mind the staring or the looks. I proved them wrong when I was  nine months pregnant covering the second war on Gaza.”

            According to the website TED “though openly shunned by many of her male colleagues, she is given unprecedented access to areas denied to men.”

 According to the video posted by Nordell "Farzana has been harassed by men and want to take her camera away from her" Similarly to Mohammed.

photo by Eman Mohammed

http://blogs.denverpost.com/captured/2013/06/11/photographer-collection-eman-mohammed-in-the-gaza-strip/6152/

photo taken :2013

Use of shadows The shadows seen are of the family walking along side the beach in Gaza, with the help of the suns glare.

Quality of Light: The light is from the sun, the subjects can not be made out but their shadows are colored by the rays of the sun.

Use of lines: the photo is taken infant of barbed wire along side the beach, the use of the barbed wire intrigued me, it looks almost like their imprisoned.

Why I chose? The sunlight and the wire intrigued me, and I really like photo's that use the sun to capture the subject's.

Mohammed stated that “My inspiration is my mother, I saw how the community mistreated her because she was divorced and raising her kids alone, an unknown thing. In that culture, if you get divorced, mothers aren’t supposed to raise their kids. You leave the kids with their dad. It’s a punishment. And if you don’t, you can’t remarry, by law. My mom didn’t want to remarry because she didn’t want to give away her kids.”

I found a link to several photo's that she has taken and came across a series of photo's entitled iWar.

Mohammed explained during the interview that "iWar is about the long-term aftermath of war survivors and victims. It’s a series of portraits and a gentle, symbolic way to show that war has happened, and it’s still happening I tell them Show me your sadness, as though I don’t exist. Like I’m not even here.” I get them deep in the details, and then I get the shot. It’s energy consuming and emotionally draining, but it’s very powerful."

photo by Eman Mohammed
year created: 2014
http://blog.ted.com/eman-mohammed/

Subject’s Expression: the subject appears sad, she is sitting on a burnt motorcycle once ridden by her father who she never met, Mohammed asks her subjects to look sad  as if she's not their during the photo

Use of shadows : the photo shows the subject in light and the surrounding area around her is darkened, to me emphasizes the importance of the subject and nothing else

Depth of field : In this image the subject is in focus with the light that is on the subject. the rest of the image is darkened. Though we still can see what the image around the subject is the main subject which is the little girl is in focus

Why I chose: When i was doing the research this image just immediately stuck out to me, and i read the story behind it and it just touched me. This 2 year old girl is sitting on a burnt motorcycle that was once ridden by her father who was killed during an airstrike while riding this motorcycle , she never met him.





Women who faced discrimination in history:

photo by unknown

year taken 1941-45

http://www.tahg.org/module_display.php?mod_id=69&review=yes

KEEP IT SIMPLE   This photo is simple, it shows 3 women dressed as welders in the workforce conversation.

Obvious main subject, about ¼ to 2/3 of image area.  The 3 subjects take up the majority of the photo, showing their importance with a subtle background.

Background compliments or detracts from composition  The background actually helps complete the photo. The machinery pictured helps the viewer realize they are working at a factory.

Why I chose: I chose this image because it just represents our country and how we developed over time from being a male run workforce to a gender equal workforce

During WW2 women were needed in the workforce due to men being at war.

According the History.com staff “Rosie the Riveter,” star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry, became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war."

Their pay was significiantly less then the men, and the men thought they weren't capable of doing a their job as good as they could. According to the staff at History.com "Between 1940 and 1945, the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent"

Technology Timeline

History of Photojournalism Midterm  Technology Timeline Powerpoint

here is the link for the video-  https://youtu.be/mVOP_bvu41A

History of Photojournalism Technology Timeline from mabartolo74

Working in the Digital Age

The SATELLITE PHONE

The satellite phone was used most recently in Afghanistan by photojournalists that were using digital cameras to take photos, using the phone to transmit the new photo. Some photojournalists used smaller satellite phones that took up to 3 hours to transmit a photo. Cheryl Meyer said “a good satellite phones not only necessary for transmitting photos, but also for research and reporting.”

          Comparing and contrasting this to the black and white photography which I did for my last assignment. This is a step above that. Having now the capabilities to send an image once taken to a location is amazing. If it were black and white film the photographer would have to wait to go back to the lab to process the film and see what was on the roll before sending it.

    Comparing these 2 technologies, they are both older. Sending photos is much easier now with newer technology. Think about it your able to snap a photo in seconds on your iPhone and it can be all over the world with a single touch of a button. Professor Nordell wrote on the content area how "Photojournalists today sometimes use WiFi enabled cameras or cards to send images to either their cell phones or iPads." We went from running around trying to meet deadlines and developing photo's to simply pressing send.

According to Professor Nordell " photographers photographing Clements' trial couldn't use runners or leave the courtroom, One photographer used an early wireless transmitter to transmit the photo's once taken, to the editor for publishing."

In this photo a St. Louis Post-Dispatch photographer Andrew Cutraro transmitting photos via a satellite phone, According to Lawrence Charters "The Marines supplied the transportation, the food, the helmets and flak jackets, the camouflage uniforms, goggles and gloves (not to mention a heavily armed company for protection in a dangerous environment)"

photo by U.S Marine 

http://www.wap.org/journal/backfromsand/

A black and white 35mm example:
Someone like Robert Capa would appreciate the ability to transmit photo's via wifi or satellite phone. Instead of using a photo lab for processing. According to John Morris " A darkroom technician was almost as anxious to see the invasion images as Capa himself. In his haste, the technician dried the film too quickly, The excess heat melted the emulsion on all but 10 of the frames."

photo by Fred Lyon

http://www.vintag.es/2013/12/amazing-black-white-photographs-of-san.html

The Art of Photojournalism

The Art of Photojournalism

Photo by: Alexander Gardner

Image Source: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.97

Year Created: 1865

Obvious main subject, about ¼ to 2/3 of image area.  The images shows a man  Lewis Paine, who tried murdering a Secretary of State. Lewis is the main focus of this photo takes up most of the room on the photo

Subject’s Expression- Lewis seems very tense and angry. This photo was taken after being captured for attempted murder

Is the image black & white or color : this image was taken in 1865 color was not yet invented so the photographer did not have a choice, although this image has more of a sepia tone.   

Why did I choose the image?:  Searching for images pre 1900 i came across this one. To me it shows law enforcement operated before the technology of today. It also interested me because of the facial expression that was captured. I also found it interesting how the prisoner is much taller then the  guard standing right next to him in that era.

photo by Gordon Parks

image source : https://www.flickr.com/photos/studiojkj/2439052891/

Year created: 1942

What feelings does the image create?  To me this photograph, shows a hard working African American woman during the time of racism. It shows pride and what it is to be an American

Depth of field : The photograph is focus on the subject and her mop and broom, with an American flag out of focus in the background.

Background compliments or detracts from composition : The  background image of the American Flag adds meaning to the photo. It shows us pride and hard work.

Why did I choose this image? I came across this image and couldn't help but stare. It made me think of what it is like to be an American, and how you must work hard to earn money and get to where you want to be. Its a very powerful image  of racism during the 1940's

   photo by : Laurent Van Der Stockt

image source : http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/business/media/10photo.html?pagewanted=all

year created: 1996

Use of lines: I feel as if the buildings on either side are used as lines to take away focus on the woman and child and drag your attention to the back of image where their is war and smoke.

In or out of focus   although the woman and child are in the middle I don't believe that the focus is on them. They are almost blurred, their faces aren't well defined. The image drags your attention to the back

KEEP IT SIMPLE   This image is very simple you see a woman and a child in a stroller and in the background a war torn chechnya, but the image is not distracting, and keep very simple.

Why I chose this image? I chose this image simply because it caught my eye. The image is so simple yet it has so much meaning and is open to interpretation. Even though the woman is the center focus in the still, she is not the focus of the photo. How the photographer captured that intrigues me.